返回题库

兔子跳台阶 IV

Rabbit Hop IV

专题
Discrete Math / 离散数学
难度
L4

题目详情

一只兔子从楼梯前的地面出发,要到达第 10 阶的顶端。

每次跳跃它可以向上跳任意多阶,但每次跳的阶数必须严格大于 1(即每次至少跳 2 阶)。

问:从地面到达第 10 阶顶端共有多少条不同路径?

A rabbit starts at the floor in front of a staircase of 1010 stairs. The rabbit can hop up any amount of steps strictly larger than 11 at each movement. In particular, this means that the rabbit can't go up a one stair staircase. How many distinct paths are there from the floor to the top of the staircase (i.e. to the top of the 1010th stair)?

解析

f(n)f(n) 表示到达第 nn 阶的路径数。

由于每次至少跳 2 阶,最后一步可能来自 n2,n3,,0n-2,n-3,\dots,0

f(n)=k=2nf(nk)=f(n2)+f(n3)++f(0),f(n)=\sum_{k=2}^{n} f(n-k)=f(n-2)+f(n-3)+\cdots+f(0),

并取 f(0)=1f(0)=1(空路径),f(1)=0f(1)=0

由此可推出递推 f(n)=f(n1)+f(n2)f(n)=f(n-1)+f(n-2)n3n\ge 3),且 f(2)=1f(2)=1

于是 f(n)f(n) 等于斐波那契数列的平移:f(10)=F9=34f(10)=F_9=34

所以答案为 34\boxed{34}