随机游走:从 100 到 98 或 102 的期望时间
Random walk between 98 and 102 starting at 100
题目详情
你从 100 美元开始。每次抛硬币:正面 +1,反面 -1。到达 98 或 102 时停止。
- 当 (公平)时,期望停止时间是多少?
- 当 时,期望停止时间是多少?
You start at $100, each head +$1, each tail -$1, stopping at $98 or $102. For what is the expected time? Then for ?
解析
把位置平移:令 表示距离 98 的差值,则边界为 0 与 4,起点为 2。
- 的无偏随机游走,在 上从 出发,吸收时间期望为
- 。设 为从状态 出发到达 0 或 4 的期望步数,满足
解该线性方程组可得 。
因此: 时期望为 4, 时期望为 。
Original Explanation
Using gambler’s ruin formulas:
- For fair expected time from to either or is multiplied by some factor, giving 4. Actually, the standard 1D random walk formula can produce a bigger expression if we account for hitting either boundary, but the product is a known part of the result. Detailed solution yields ~4 for a small boundary gap.
- For the formula changes. Typically we solve the difference equation for the expected hitting time.