返回题库

GBM 退出区间:先到 2 的概率

Let XtX_{t} be the solution

专题
Finance / 金融
难度
L4

题目详情

Let XtX_{t} be the solution of the stochastic differential equation

dXt=μXtdt+σXtdWtdX_{t} = \mu X_{t}dt + \sigma X_{t}dW_{t}

with X0=1X_0 = 1 . Let τ\tau be the exit time of XtX_{t} from the interval (12,2)\left(\frac{1}{2}, 2\right) . Compute P(Xτ=2)P(X_{\tau} = 2) .

解析

GBM:dXt=μXtdt+σXtdWtdX_t=\mu X_tdt+\sigma X_tdW_tX0=1X_0=1,停时 τ\tau 为首次离开 (1/2,2)(1/2,2)

α=12μσ2\alpha=1-\frac{2\mu}{\sigma^2},则 XtαX_t^{\alpha} 是鞅(当 α0\alpha\ne 0)。

p=P(Xτ=2)p=\mathbb{P}(X_\tau=2),则

1=E[Xτα]=p2α+(1p)2α.1=\mathbb{E}[X_\tau^{\alpha}]=p\cdot 2^{\alpha}+(1-p)\cdot 2^{-\alpha}.

解得

p=12α2α2α,α0.\boxed{p=\frac{1-2^{-\alpha}}{2^{\alpha}-2^{-\alpha}}},\quad \alpha\ne 0.

α=0\alpha=0(即 μ=σ2/2\mu=\sigma^2/2),可用 logXt\log X_t 鞅,得到 p=1/2\boxed{p=1/2}