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微分方程 1

专题
General / 综合
难度
L4

题目详情

f(x)f(x) 使得

f(x)=f(x)(1f(x)).f^{\prime}(x) = f(x)(1 - f(x)).

英文原题

Find f(x)f(x) such that

f(x)=f(x)(1f(x)).f^{\prime}(x) = f(x)(1 - f(x)).
解析

分离变量:

ff(1f)=1.\frac{f'}{f(1-f)}=1.

ff 做部分分式分解:

1f(1f)=1f+11f.\frac{1}{f(1-f)}=\frac{1}{f}+\frac{1}{1-f}.

积分得

lnfln1f=x+C.\ln|f|-\ln|1-f|=x+C.

f1f=Cexf=11+Aex.\frac{f}{1-f}=Ce^{x}\Rightarrow f=\frac{1}{1+A e^{-x}}.

其中 A=1/CA=1/C 为常数。


英文解析

Separation of variables:
ff(1f)=1.\frac{f'}{f(1-f)}=1.
Perform partial fraction decomposition on ff:
1f(1f)=1f+11f.\frac{1}{f(1-f)}=\frac{1}{f}+\frac{1}{1-f}.
Integrating gives
lnfln1f=x+C.\ln|f|-\ln|1-f|=x+C.
That is,
f1f=Cexf=11+Aex.\frac{f}{1-f}=Ce^{x}\Rightarrow f=\frac{1}{1+A e^{-x}}.
where A=1/CA=1/C is a constant.