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不定积分:

Easy integration question 3

专题
General / 综合
难度
L4

题目详情

计算

∫log⁡nxdx.\int \log^{n}x dx.

英文原题

Evaluate

∫log⁡nxdx.\int \log^{n}x dx.
解析

设 In=∫(ln⁡x)n dxI_n=\int (\ln x)^n\,dx(x>0x>0)。分部积分,取 u=(ln⁡x)n, dv=dxu=(\ln x)^n,\ dv=dx,则 du=n(ln⁡x)n−1xdx, v=xdu=\frac{n(\ln x)^{n-1}}{x}dx,\ v=x:

In=x(ln⁡x)n−n∫(ln⁡x)n−1dx=x(ln⁡x)n−nIn−1.I_n=x(\ln x)^n-n\int (\ln x)^{n-1}dx=x(\ln x)^n-nI_{n-1}.

递推展开可写成闭式:

∫(ln⁡x)ndx=x∑k=0n(−1)kn!(n−k)!(ln⁡x)n−k+C.\boxed{\int (\ln x)^n dx=x\sum_{k=0}^{n}(-1)^k\frac{n!}{(n-k)!}(\ln x)^{n-k}+C}.

英文解析

Let In=∫(ln⁡x)n dxI_n=\int (\ln x)^n\,dx (x>0x>0). Using integration by parts withu=(ln⁡x)nu=(\ln x)^nanddv=dxdv=dx, we havedu=n(ln⁡x)n−1xdxdu=\frac{n(\ln x)^{n-1}}{x}dxandv=xv=x:

In=x(ln⁡x)n−n∫(ln⁡x)n−1dx=x(ln⁡x)n−nIn−1.I_n=x(\ln x)^n-n\int (\ln x)^{n-1}dx=x(\ln x)^n-nI_{n-1}.

The recursive expansion can be written in closed form as:

∫(ln⁡x)ndx=x∑k=0n(−1)kn!(n−k)!(ln⁡x)n−k+C.\boxed{\int (\ln x)^n dx=x\sum_{k=0}^{n}(-1)^k\frac{n!}{(n-k)!}(\ln x)^{n-k}+C}.