考虑一个马尔可夫链,状态空间为 Ω={0,1,2,3,4},转移概率矩阵为
P=0312121031021021313100031000210310210.
从状态 0 出发,求在首次击中集合 {2,4} 中任一状态之前,访问状态 1 的期望次数。
Consider a Markov chain with state space Ω={0,1,2,3,4} and the transition probability matrix:
P=0312121031021021313100031000210310210
Starting from state 0, find the expected number of times you will visit state 1 before hitting any of the states {2,4}.