设 h(i) 为从状态 i 出发到达集合 A={1,2,4} 的期望步数。
边界:h(1)=h(2)=h(4)=0。
对 0 与 3 建方程:
从 0:下一步以 1/3 到 1、2、3,因此
h(0)=1+31h(3).
从 3:下一步以 1/2 到 0、以 1/2 到 4,因此
h(3)=1+21h(0).
联立:
h(0)=1+31(1+21h(0))=34+61h(0)⇒65h(0)=34⇒h(0)=58.
因此期望击中时间为 58。
英文解析
Set h(i) to the expected number of steps to reach the set A={1,2,4} from the state i.
Boundary: h(1)=h(2)=h(4)=0.
Build equation for 0 and 3:
From 0: The next step is 1/3 to 1, 2, 3, so
h(0)=1+31h(3).
From 3: The next step is 1/2 to 0, and 1/2 to 4, so
h(3)=1+21h(0).
United:
h(0)=1+31(1+21h(0))=34+61h(0)⇒65h(0)=34⇒h(0)=58.
Therefore, the expected hit time is 58.