返回题库

均匀点集间距 I

Spacious Uniform Values I

专题
Probability / 概率
难度
L6

题目详情

在区间 (0,1)(0,1) 上独立均匀抽取 101 个随机点。求任意两点之间的距离都严格大于 11000\frac{1}{1000} 的概率。

答案可写为最简形式 (ab)c\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^c。求 a+b+ca+b+c

You sample 101 uniformly random numbers in the interval (0,1)(0,1). Find the probability that no two of the values selected are within a distance of 11000\frac{1}{1000} of one another. The answer should be in the fully reduced form (ab)c\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^c. Find a+b+ca + b + c.

解析

d=1/1000d=1/1000,并将样本点排序 0<X(1)<<X(101)<10<X_{(1)}<\cdots<X_{(101)}<1

条件“任意两点距离都 >d>d”等价于所有相邻间距都 >d>d

Yi=X(i)(i1)dY_i=X_{(i)}-(i-1)d,则约束变为

0<Y1<<Y101<1100d.0<Y_1<\cdots<Y_{101}<1-100d.

该有序区域体积为 (1100d)101/101!(1-100d)^{101}/101!,乘回排列数 101!101! 得概率为 (1100d)101(1-100d)^{101}

代入 d=1/1000d=1/1000

(910)101.\left(\frac{9}{10}\right)^{101}.

因此 a=9,b=10,c=101a=9,b=10,c=101a+b+c=120a+b+c=\boxed{120}