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相关系数范围

Correlation Ranges

专题
Probability / 概率
难度
L4

题目详情

随机变量 X,Y,ZX,Y,Z 满足 Corr(X,Y)=513\mathrm{Corr}(X,Y)=\frac{5}{13}Corr(Y,Z)=1213\mathrm{Corr}(Y,Z)=\frac{12}{13}

Corr(X,Z)\mathrm{Corr}(X,Z) 的可取范围是形如 [0,b][0,b] 的区间,其中 bb 为最简分数。求 bb

Suppose that X,Y,X,Y, and ZZ are three random variables. We know that Corr(X,Y)=513\text{Corr}(X,Y) = \dfrac{5}{13} and Corr(Y,Z)=1213\text{Corr}(Y,Z) = \dfrac{12}{13}. The range of possible values for Corr(X,Z)\text{Corr}(X,Z) is an interval in the form [0,b][0,b], where bb is a fraction in fully reduced form. Find bb.

解析

ρ=Corr(X,Z)\rho=\mathrm{Corr}(X,Z)

相关矩阵必须半正定:

R=(15/13ρ5/13112/13ρ12/131)0.R=\begin{pmatrix} 1&5/13&\rho\\ 5/13&1&12/13\\ \rho&12/13&1 \end{pmatrix}\succeq 0.

因此其行列式非负:

det(R)=1+25131213ρ(513)2(1213)2ρ20.\det(R)=1+2\cdot\frac{5}{13}\cdot\frac{12}{13}\rho-\left(\frac{5}{13}\right)^2-\left(\frac{12}{13}\right)^2-\rho^2\ge 0.

化简得到

ρ2+120169ρ00ρ120169.-\rho^2+\frac{120}{169}\rho\ge 0 \Rightarrow 0\le \rho\le \frac{120}{169}.

所以 b=120169b=\boxed{\frac{120}{169}}