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完美就座 I

Perfect Seating I

专题
Probability / 概率
难度
L4

题目详情

7 位年龄各不相同的人随机坐到圆桌的 7 个座位上。忽略方向(顺时针或逆时针都算),他们按年龄递增排列的概率是多少?

Seven people with distinct ages randomly sit down at a circular table with seven seats. What is the probability that the people sit themselves in increasing order of age, irrespective of direction?

解析

固定最年轻者的位置后,剩余 6 人有 6!6! 种排列。

其中只有 2 种为年龄递增(顺时针或逆时针)。因此概率为

26!=1360.\frac{2}{6!}=\frac{1}{360}.

Original Explanation

Seat the youngest person at the table in any spot. There are 6!6! ways to arrange the remaining 66 people that have not been seated at the table. Of those arrangements, exactly 22 of them are in increasing order of age. Namely, these occur when they are increasing in age clockwise or counter-clockwise. Therefore, 22 of these 6!6! equally likely permutations are in increasing order of age, so our result is 26!=1360\dfrac{2}{6!} = \dfrac{1}{360}.