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2 的幂估算

Consider 2422^{42}

专题
Brainteaser / 脑筋急转弯
难度
L4

题目详情

考虑 2422^{42}

  1. 十进制表示的首位数字(leading term)是什么?

  2. 数量级(order of magnitude)是多少?

  3. 首位之后的下一位有效数字是什么?

英文原题

Consider 2422^{42} :

  1. What is the leading term in the decimal representation?

  2. What is the order of magnitude?

  3. What is the next significant figure after the leading term?

解析

先用已知 210=10242^{10}=1024,则 220=10485762^{20}=1048576,并且

240=(220)2=1099511627776.2^{40}=(2^{20})^2=1099511627776.

因此

242=4240=4398046511104.2^{42}=4\cdot 2^{40}=4398046511104.

于是:

  1. 首位数字为 4\boxed{4}

  2. 242=4.398×10122^{42}=4.398\times 10^{12},数量级为 1012\boxed{10^{12}}

  3. 下一位有效数字为 3\boxed{3}


英文解析

First, using the known value 210=10242^{10}=1024, we have 220=10485762^{20}=1048576, and

240=(220)2=1099511627776.2^{40}=(2^{20})^2=1099511627776.

Therefore,

242=4240=4398046511104.2^{42}=4\cdot 2^{40}=4398046511104.

Thus:

  1. The leading digit is 4\boxed{4}.

  2. 242=4.398×10122^{42}=4.398\times 10^{12}, so the order of magnitude is 1012\boxed{10^{12}}.

  3. The next significant digit is 3\boxed{3}.