返回题库

BS 波动率极限

Black-Scholes Price Limits as Volatility Grows

专题
Finance / 金融
难度
L4

题目详情

在 Black-Scholes-Merton 框架下,标的为不分红股票。问:当波动率 σ\sigma\to\infty 时,欧式看涨期权与欧式看跌期权的价格分别趋于多少?

英文原题

In the Black-Scholes-Merton framework for a non-dividend-paying stock, what are the limiting prices of a European call and a European put option as the volatility, σ\sigma, approaches infinity?

解析

Black-Scholes 公式

C=S0N(d1)KerTN(d2),P=KerTN(d2)S0N(d1),C=S_0N(d_1)-Ke^{-rT}N(d_2),\quad P=Ke^{-rT}N(-d_2)-S_0N(-d_1),

其中 d2=d1σTd_2=d_1-\sigma\sqrt{T}

σ\sigma\to\infty 时,d1+d_1\to +\inftyd2d_2\to -\infty,因此 N(d1)1N(d_1)\to 1N(d2)0N(d_2)\to 0

于是

limσC=S0,qquadlimσP=KerT.\boxed{\lim_{\sigma\to\infty}C=S_0},\\qquad \boxed{\lim_{\sigma\to\infty}P=Ke^{-rT}}.

英文解析

Black-Scholes formula
C=S0N(d1)KerTN(d2),P=KerTN(d2)S0N(d1),C=S_0N(d_1)-Ke^{-rT}N(d_2),\quad P=Ke^{-rT}N(-d_2)-S_0N(-d_1),
where d2=d1σTd_2=d_1-\sigma\sqrt{T}.

When σ\sigma\to\infty, d1+d_1\to +\infty, d2d_2\to -\infty, therefore N(d1)1N(d_1)\to 1, N(d2)0N(d_2)\to 0.

Thus
limσC=S0,qquadlimσP=KerT.\boxed{\lim_{\sigma\to\infty}C=S_0},\\qquad \boxed{\lim_{\sigma\to\infty}P=Ke^{-rT}}.