HMMT 二月 2012 · 冲刺赛 · 第 11 题

英文解析

11. [ 5 ] Knot is on an epic quest to save the land of Hyruler from the evil Gammadorf. To do this, he mustcollect the two pieces of the Lineforce, then go to the Temple of Lime. As shown on the figure, Knotstarts on point K , and must travel to point T , where OK = 2 and OT = 4. However, he must firstreach both solid lines in the figure below to collect the pieces of the Lineforce. What is the minimaldistance Knot must travel to do so?
    Guts
    °T
    °
    1515
    °K
    O30
    √
    Answer: 2 5 Let l and l be the lines as labeled in the above diagram. First, suppose Knot
    1 2
    ′ ′
    visits l first, at point P , then l , at point P . Let K be the reflection of K over l , and let T be the
    1 1 2 2 1
    reflection of T over l . The length of Knot’s path is at least
    ′ ′ ′ ′2
    KP + P P + P T = K P + P P + P T ≥ K T
    1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
    by the Triangle Inequality (This bound can be achieved by taking P , P to be the intersections of
    1 2
    √
    ′ ′ ′ ′ ° ′ ′
    K T with l , l , respectively.) Also, note that ∡ K OT = 90 , so that K T = 2 5.
    1 2
    ′′
    Now, suppose Knot instead visits l first, at point Q , then l , at point Q . Letting K be the reflection
    2 2 1 1
    ′′
    of K over l and T be the reflection of T over l , by similar logic to before the length of his path is
    2 1
    √
    ′′ ′′ ′′ ′′ ′ ′
    at least the length of K T . However, by inspection K T > K T , so our answer is 2 5.