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国际象棋社团合影

Chess Club Photo

专题
Discrete Math / 离散数学
难度
L4

题目详情

学校国际象棋社想拍一张按特定规则排列的合影。他们希望评分最高的 3 名棋手站在中间,其他人分列两侧,并且每一侧都必须按评分顺序排列(每侧都可以是升序或降序,而且两侧不必一致)。

假设每个人的排名都互不相同,如果社团共有 1111 名成员,那么共有多少种合影排列方式?

Your school chess club wants to take a picture with a particular arrangement. They want the three highest rated players in the center and everyone else on the two sides to be in a sequential order (either side could be ascending or descending and they don't have to be the same).

Assuming everyone has a unique ranking, how many ways can we arrange the chess club members for the photo if there are 1111 members?

解析

先安排中间位置。中间共有 33 名成员,他们在这 3 个位置上的排列方式共有 3!=63! = 6 种。

再看某一侧。两侧总共要站 8 个人,因此每一侧各有 4 人。11 人中已有 3 人被安排在中间,剩下 8 人可供选择。对于第一侧,我们从这 8 人中任取 4 人即可。这给出 (84)=70\binom{8}{4} = 70 种选人方式。选好后,这 4 个人有 2 种排法:升序或降序,因此第一侧共有 270=1402\cdot70=140 种安排。

另一侧直接由剩下的 4 人组成,不需要再考虑选人方式。这 4 人同样有 2 种排列方式。

因此总排列数为:

62(84)2=1680.6\cdot 2\cdot\binom{8}{4}\cdot 2=\boxed{1680}.

Original Explanation

Let's start with arranging the center. There are 33 members in the center and they can be placed any way among these three spots resulting in a total of 3!3! or 66 different centers.

Now let's look at a side. Eight total people go on the sides but on one particular side we will have four people. Out of the 1111 total members, 33 have already been placed in the center so we have 88 remaining to select from. Of those 88, we can select any 44 as there will exist a way to sequentially order any number of unique ratings. This gives us (84)8\choose4 or 7070 ways to pick members for the first side. Once these members have been selected, there are 22 ways of arranging them: ascending or descending order. Giving us a total of 2702\cdot70 or 140140 orderings within our first side.

We put all of our remaining members on the other side so we don't have to worry about how many ways to select them. There will also be 22 total ways of arranging these last 44 members.

Hence the total number of arrangements is:

62(84)2=16806 \cdot 2{8\choose4}\cdot2 = \boxed{1680}