变量对调
Variable Swap
题目详情
考虑一个简单的一元线性回归。已知以下 和 的取值:
我们先回归 对 ,得到某个 。现在改为回归 对 。不做任何计算, 会如何变化?
Consider a simple univariate linear regression. We have the following and values.
We regress onto and obtain some . Now, we regress onto . Without doing any calculation, how does change?
解析
在简单线性回归中,斜率系数满足
两次回归中的协方差 是相同的。 由给定数据可见, 的波动远大于 (取值为 0、5、10,而 为 4、5、6),因此
由于回归 对 时分母更大,所以斜率系数更小。因此,当交换回归方向时, 会减小。
Original Explanation
In simple linear regression, the slope coefficients satisfy
The covariance between and is the same in both regressions. From the given data, varies much more than (values 0, 5, 10 versus 4, 5, 6), so
Since the denominator is larger when regressing onto , the slope coefficient is smaller. Therefore, decreases when switching the regression direction.