涂色立方体:看不见涂色面时是中心块的概率
Probability it is the center cube
题目详情
把一个 3×3×3 的大立方体外表面全部涂漆,然后切成 27 个小立方体,随机取出其中一个并让它落到桌面上。
你能看到它的 5 个面(底面看不到),且你观察到这 5 个可见面都没有被涂漆。
问:该小立方体是“真正的内部中心块(0 个涂漆面)”的概率是多少?(它也可能是“面中心块(1 个涂漆面)”但刚好涂漆面朝下。)
3×3 block painted, cut to 27 cubes, one dropped. No visible face is painted => probability it is the center cube. We see no painted face among the 5 visible sides (the downward side is hidden). Probability that the chosen small cube is the actual internal center vs a face-center with 1 painted side hidden?
解析
27 个小立方体类型计数:
- 内部中心块:1 个(0 个涂漆面)。
- 面中心块:6 个(1 个涂漆面)。
- 棱块:12 个(2 个涂漆面)。
- 角块:8 个(3 个涂漆面)。
在“可见 5 个面都没漆”的条件下:
- 内部中心块一定满足(概率 1)。
- 面中心块要满足,唯一的涂漆面必须恰好是底面。若朝下的面等可能为 6 个面之一,则概率为 。
- 棱块/角块至少有 2 个涂漆面,不可能让 5 个可见面都无漆。
因此后验权重:
- 中心块:。
- 面中心块:。
归一化后
Original Explanation
- Among 27 cubes:
1 center (0 painted faces),
6 face-center cubes (1 painted face),
12 edge cubes (2 faces painted),
8 corner cubes (3 faces). - If no face is visible as painted, it could be the internal one, or it could be one of the 6 face-centered cubes placed with its single painted face on the bottom. A more detailed ratio approach gives about or depending on the interpretation. Usually the final is .