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掷骰继续/停止:总收益期望

Dice Game

专题
Probability / 概率
难度
L4

题目详情

你反复掷一枚公平六面骰。每次掷出的点数会立刻支付给你。

  • 如果掷出 4、5、6,则继续掷;
  • 如果掷出 1、2、3,则游戏结束。

问:总收益的期望是多少?

You roll a fair six-sided die. Each roll’s face value is paid to you. If the outcome is 4, 5, or 6, you roll again; if it is 1, 2, or 3, the game ends. What is the expected total payoff?

解析

每次掷骰有 1/21/2 概率结束,有 1/21/2 概率继续,因此掷骰次数 NN 服从参数 p=1/2p=1/2 的几何分布,E[N]=2\mathbb{E}[N]=2

单次点数期望为 E[X]=3.5\mathbb{E}[X]=3.5

用 Wald 等式:

E[总收益]=E[X]E[N]=3.5×2=7.\mathbb{E}[\text{总收益}]=\mathbb{E}[X]\,\mathbb{E}[N]=3.5\times 2=7.

Original Explanation

Each roll has a 1/21/2 chance to end the game and a 1/21/2 chance to continue, so the number of rolls NN is geometrically distributed with p=1/2p=1/2, hence E[N]=2E[N] = 2. The expected face value of a single roll is 3.53.5. By Wald’s equation, E[total payoff]=E[X]  E[N]=3.5×2=7.E[\text{total payoff}] = E[X]\;E[N] = 3.5 \times 2 = 7.