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用 Feynman–Kac 解 PDE

Find a solution of the PDE

专题
Finance / 金融
难度
L4

题目详情

Find a solution of the partial differential equation

22ux2+xux+ut+x=02\frac{\partial^{2}u}{\partial x^{2}} +x\frac{\partial u}{\partial x} +\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} +x = 0

0t<T0\leq t< T , with terminal condition u(T,x)=x2u(T,x) = x^{2}

解析

PDE:

2uxx+xux+ut+x=0,0t<T,u(T,x)=x2.2u_{xx}+xu_x+u_t+x=0,\quad 0\le t<T,\quad u(T,x)=x^2.

ν(t,x)=u(t,x)+x\nu(t,x)=u(t,x)+x,则

2νxx+xνx+νt=0,ν(T,x)=x2+x.2\nu_{xx}+x\nu_x+\nu_t=0,\quad \nu(T,x)=x^2+x.

对应扩散 dXs=Xsds+2dWsdX_s=X_s ds+2dW_s,有

ν(t,x)=E[XT2+XTXt=x].\nu(t,x)=\mathbb{E}[X_T^2+X_T\mid X_t=x].

解线性 SDE:XT=eΔx+2tTeTsdWsX_T=e^{\Delta}x+2\int_t^T e^{T-s}dW_sΔ=Tt\Delta=T-t

因此 E[XT]=eΔx\mathbb{E}[X_T]=e^{\Delta}xVar(XT)=2(e2Δ1)\operatorname{Var}(X_T)=2(e^{2\Delta}-1),从而

E[XT2]=e2Δx2+2(e2Δ1).\mathbb{E}[X_T^2]=e^{2\Delta}x^2+2(e^{2\Delta}-1).

得到

ν(t,x)=e2Δx2+eΔx+2(e2Δ1).\nu(t,x)=e^{2\Delta}x^2+e^{\Delta}x+2(e^{2\Delta}-1).

最后 u=νxu=\nu-x

u(t,x)=e2(Tt)x2+(e(Tt)1)x+2(e2(Tt)1).\boxed{u(t,x)=e^{2(T-t)}x^2+(e^{(T-t)}-1)x+2(e^{2(T-t)}-1)}.