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常见利率模型概述

Interest Rate Models

专题
Finance / 金融
难度
L4

题目详情

简述一些常见利率模型及其主要差异。

Briefly describe some basic interest rate models and differences.

解析

分类:

  • 短端利率模型(对 r(t)r(t) 建 SDE) vs 远期利率模型(对整条曲线 f(t,T)f(t,T) 建模)。
  • 均衡模型(不一定拟合当前收益率曲线) vs 无套利模型(用时间依赖漂移拟合曲线)。

例子:

  • Vasicek:dr=a(br)dt+σdWdr=a(b-r)dt+\sigma dW,均值回复,可为负。
  • CIR:dr=a(br)dt+σrdWdr=a(b-r)dt+\sigma\sqrt{r}\,dW,保持非负。
  • Ho–Lee:最简单无套利短端模型(漂移可时变)。
  • Hull–White:Vasicek 的时间依赖漂移扩展。

Original Explanation

  • Short-rate vs. Forward-rate models: short-rate uses an SDE for r(t)r(t), forward-rate tracks the entire curve f(t,T).f(t,T).
  • Equilibrium vs. No-arbitrage: equilibrium does not necessarily match today’s yield curve; no-arb tries to fit it.

Examples:

  • Vasicek: dr=a(br)dt+σdW\mathrm{d}r=a(b-r)\mathrm{d}t+\sigma\,\mathrm{d}W. Mean revert, can go negative.
  • CIR: dr=a(br)dt+σrdW\mathrm{d}r=a(b-r)\mathrm{d}t+\sigma\sqrt{r}\,\mathrm{d}W. Stays >0.>0.
  • Ho-Lee: simplest no-arb short-rate with time-dependent drift.
  • Hull-White: time-dependent drift extension of Vasicek.