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随机走立方体到对角点的期望步数

Given a cube

专题
Probability / 概率
难度
L4

题目详情

Given a cube, you can jump from one vertex to a neighboring vertex with equal probability. Assume you start from a certain vertex (does not matter which one). What is the expected number of jumps to reach the opposite vertex?

解析

按与目标的距离分层:距离 0、1、2、3。设期望为 E0=0,E1,E2,E3E_0=0,E_1,E_2,E_3

从距离 3 必到距离 2:E3=1+E2E_3=1+E_2

从距离 2:以 2/32/3 到距离 1,以 1/31/3 回到距离 3: E2=1+23E1+13E3.E_2=1+\frac{2}{3}E_1+\frac{1}{3}E_3.

从距离 1:以 1/31/3 到距离 0,以 2/32/3 到距离 2: E1=1+23E2.E_1=1+\frac{2}{3}E_2.

解得 E1=7,E2=9,E3=10E_1=7,E_2=9,E_3=10,因此

10.\boxed{10}.