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至少一次落入 [0.5,0.55] 的样本量

Probability of Generating Values in a Specific Interval

专题
Probability / 概率
难度
L4

题目详情

要生成多少个在 [0,1][0,1] 上独立均匀分布的随机变量,才能保证以 95% 的概率至少有一个落在区间 [0.5,0.55][0.5,0.55] 内?

How many independent random variables with uniform distribution on [0,1][0,1] must be generated to ensure with 95% probability that at least one of them is between 0.5 and 0.55?

解析

单个样本落入区间 [0.5,0.55][0.5,0.55] 的概率为区间长度 p=0.05p=0.05

生成 nn 个独立样本,至少一个落入区间的概率为

1(1p)n=10.95n.1-(1-p)^n=1-0.95^n.

要求 10.95n0.951-0.95^n\ge 0.95,即

0.95n0.05nln0.05ln0.9558.4.0.95^n\le 0.05 \Rightarrow n\ge \frac{\ln 0.05}{\ln 0.95}\approx 58.4.

取最小整数得 n=59\boxed{n=59}