返回题库

向北而行

Move to the North

专题
Brainteaser / 脑筋急转弯
难度
L4

题目详情

地球表面上有多少个点满足:从该点出发,先向南走 1 公里,再向东走 1 公里,最后向北走 1 公里后,会回到原来的出发点?

How many points are there on the globe, so that if you walk 1km south, then 1km east and then 1km north, you reach the place where you started?

解析

满足条件的点有无穷多个。

首先,北极显然是一个解:

  • 从北极向南走 1 公里;
  • 再向东走 1 公里;
  • 最后向北走 1 公里;

就会回到北极。

除此之外,南极附近还有无穷多个解。考虑一条非常靠近南极的纬线,如果它的周长恰好是 1n\frac{1}{n} 公里,那么在这条纬线北边 1 公里的任一点出发:

  • 先向南走 1 公里,会到达该纬线;
  • 再向东走 1 公里,相当于沿这条纬线绕了整数圈,回到原来的纬线位置;
  • 最后向北走 1 公里,就回到起点。

由于对任意正整数 nn 都可以找到这样的纬线,所以南极附近存在无穷多个满足条件的点。再加上北极这 1 个点,答案仍然是 无穷多个.\boxed{\text{无穷多个}}.


Original Explanation

  1. North Pole solution:\text{North Pole solution:}
  • If a person starts at the North Pole, walks 1 km south, then 1 km east, then 1 km north, they return to the North Pole.
  • This gives one solution\text{one solution}.
  1. South Pole latitude circles:\text{South Pole latitude circles:}
  • Consider circles of latitude near the South Pole.
  • Let rr be the radius of a latitude circle whose circumference C=1C = 1 km.
  • If a person starts 1 km north of this circle, walks 1 km south, they reach the circle.
  • Walking 1 km east along this circle brings them back to the same point (since the circumference is 1 km).
  • Walking 1 km north returns them to the starting point.
  • More generally, there are circles where C=1/nC = 1/n km for n=1,2,3,n = 1,2,3,\dots; walking 1 km east completes exactly nn loops and ends up at the same point.
Conclusion:\text{Conclusion:}
  • There is one solution at the North Pole\text{one solution at the North Pole}, and
  • infinitely many points near the South Pole\text{infinitely many points near the South Pole} (on these special latitude circles) that satisfy the condition.