HMMT 二月 2023 · COMB 赛 · 第 1 题

HMMT February 2023 — COMB Round — Problem 1

There are 800 marbles in a bag. Each marble is colored with one of 100 colors, and there are eight marbles of each color. Anna draws one marble at a time from the bag, without replacement, until she gets eight marbles of the same color, and then she immediately stops. Suppose Anna has not stopped after drawing 699 marbles. Compute the probability that she stops immediately after drawing the 700th marble.

解析

There are 800 marbles in a bag. Each marble is colored with one of 100 colors, and there are eight marbles of each color. Anna draws one marble at a time from the bag, without replacement, until she gets eight marbles of the same color, and then she immediately stops. Suppose Anna has not stopped after drawing 699 marbles. Compute the probability that she stops immediately after drawing the 700th marble. Proposed by: Matthew Cho Answer: 99 / 101 Solution: In order to not stop after 699 marbles, the last 101 marbles must consist of 2 marbles of one color, and one marble from each other color. Since each of these marbles is equally likely to be the next to be drawn, and we stop after drawing the next marble as long as it’s not one of the two of the 99 same color, the desired probability is simply . 101