折断木棍的短段期望
Breaking Stick
题目详情
一根长度为 的木棍在 上均匀随机选一点折断。
问:较短那段的长度期望是多少?
The stick drops and breaks at a random point distributed uniformly across the length. What is the expected length of the smaller part?
解析
答案是 。
设断点位置为 。较短段长度为 。
由对称性:在 时短段是 ,其期望为 ;在 时短段是 ,期望同样为 。
因此总体期望为 。
Original Explanation
Solution
The probability that the break point belongs to first half is 1/2. In this case, the expected length of the small part is L/4. Its L/4 in the other case too. Hence E = 1/2 * L/4 + 1/2 * L/4 = L/4