Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral with AB=CD=10, BC=14, and AD=265. Assume that the diagonals of ABCD intersect at point P, and that the sum of the areas of triangles APB and CPD equals the sum of the areas of triangles BPC and APD. Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD.
Diagram
Let AP=x and let PC=ρx. Let [ABP]=Δ and let [ADP]=Λ.
解析
Solution 1
Let AP=x and let PC=ρx. Let [ABP]=Δ and let [ADP]=Λ. We easily get [PBC]=ρΔ and [PCD]=ρΛ.
We are given that [ABP]+[PCD]=[PBC]+[ADP], which we can now write as
Δ+ρΛ=ρΔ+Λ⟹Δ−Λ=ρ(Δ−Λ).
Either Δ=Λ or ρ=1. The former would imply that ABCD is a parallelogram, which it isn't; therefore we conclude ρ=1 and P is the midpoint of AC. Let ∠BAD=θ and ∠BCD=ϕ. Then [ABCD]=2⋅[BCD]=140sinϕ. On one hand, since [ABD]=[BCD], we have
65sinθ=7sinϕ⟹16+49cos2ϕ=65cos2θ
whereas, on the other hand, using cosine formula to get the length of BD, we get
102+4⋅65−4065cosθ=102+142−280cosϕ⟹65cos2θ=(7cosϕ+58)2(2)
Eliminating cosθ in the above two equations and solving for cosϕ we get
cosϕ=53⟹sinϕ=54
which finally yields [ABCD]=2⋅[BCD]=140sinϕ=112.
Solution 2
For reference, 265≈16, so AD is the longest of the four sides of ABCD. Let h1 be the length of the altitude from B to AC, and let h2 be the length of the altitude from D to AC. Then, the triangle area equation becomes
2h1AP+2h2CP=2h1CP+2h2AP→(h1−h2)AP=(h1−h2)CP→AP=CP
What an important finding! Note that the opposite sides AB and CD have equal length, and note that diagonal DB bisects diagonal AC. This is very similar to what happens if ABCD were a parallelogram with AB=CD=10, so let's extend DB to point E, such that AECD is a parallelogram. In other words,
AE=CD=10
and
EC=DA=265
Now, let's examine △ABE. Since AB=AE=10, the triangle is isosceles, and ∠ABE≅∠AEB. Note that in parallelogram AECD, ∠AED and ∠CDE are congruent, so ∠ABE≅∠CDE and thus
m∠ABD=180∘−m∠CDB
Define α:=m∠CDB, so 180∘−α=m∠ABD.
We use the Law of Cosines on △DAB and △CDB:
(265)2=102+BD2−20BDcos(180∘−α)=100+BD2+20BDcosα142=102+BD2−20BDcosα
Subtracting the second equation from the first yields
260−196=40BDcosα→BDcosα=58
This means that dropping an altitude from B to some foot Q on CD gives DQ=58 and therefore CQ=542. Seeing that CQ=53⋅BC, we conclude that △QCB is a 3-4-5 right triangle, so BQ=556. Then, the area of △BCD is 21⋅10⋅556=56. Since AP=CP, points A and C are equidistant from BD, so
[△ABD]=[△CBD]=56
and hence
[ABCD]=56+56=112
-kgator
Just to be complete -- h1 and h2 can actually be equal. In this case, AP=CP, but BP must be equal to DP. We get the same result. -Mathdummy.
Solution 3 (Another way to get the middle point)
So, let the area of 4 triangles △ABP=S1, △BCP=S2, △CDP=S3, △DAP=S4. Suppose S1>S3 and S2>S4, then it is easy to show that
S1⋅S3=S2⋅S4.
Also, because
S1+S3=S2+S4,
we will have
(S1+S3)2=(S2+S4)2.
So
(S1+S3)2=S12+S32+2⋅S1⋅S3=(S2+S4)2=S22+S42+2⋅S2⋅S4.
So
S12+S32=S22+S42.
So
S12+S32−2⋅S1⋅S3=S22+S42−2⋅S2⋅S4.
So
(S1−S3)2=(S2−S4)2.
As a result,
S1−S3=S2−S4.
Then, we have
S1+S4=S2+S3.
Combine the condition
S1+S3=S2+S4,
we can find out that
S3=S4,
so P is the midpoint of AC
~Solution by BladeRunnerAUG (Frank FYC)
Solution 4 (With yet another way to get the middle point)
Denote ∠APB by α. Then sin(∠APB)=sinα=sin(∠APD). Using the formula for the area of a triangle, we get
21(AP⋅BP+CP⋅DP)sinα=21(AP⋅DP+CP⋅BP)sinα,
so
(AP−CP)(BP−DP)=0
Hence AP=CP (note that BP=DP makes no difference here). Now, assume that AP=CP=x, BP=y, and DP=z. Using the cosine rule for △APB and △BPC, it is clear that
x2+y2−100=2xy⋅cosAPB=−(2xy⋅cos(π−CPB))=−(x2+y2−196)
or
x2+y2=148.
Likewise, using the cosine rule for triangles APD and CPD,
x2+z2=180.(2)
It follows that
z2−y2=32.(3)
Since sinα=1−cos2α,
1−4x2y2(x2+y2−100)2=1−4x2z2(x2+z2−260)2
which simplifies to
y2482=z2802⟹5y=3z.
Plugging this back to equations (1), (2), and (3), it can be solved that x=130,y=32,z=52. Then, the area of the quadrilateral is
x(y+z)sinα=130⋅82⋅26014=112
--Solution by MicGu
Solution 5
As in all other solutions, we can first find that either AP=CP or BP=DP, but it's an AIME problem, we can take AP=CP, and assume the other choice will lead to the same result (which is true).
From AP=CP, we have [DAP]=[DCP], and [BAP]=[BCP]⟹[ABD]=[CBD], therefore,
21⋅AB⋅ADsinA⟹7sinC=21⋅BC⋅CDsinC=65sinA
By Law of Cosines,
102+142−2⋅10⋅14cosC⟹−58−7cosC=102+4⋅65−2⋅10⋅265cosA=65cosA(2)
Square (1) and (2), and add them, to get
Either PA=PC or PD=PB. Let PD=PB=s. Applying Stewart's Theorem on △ABD and △BCD, dividing by 2s and rearranging,
CP2+s2=148(1)AP2+s2=180(2)
Applying Stewart on △CAB and △CAD,
5CP2=3AP2(3)
Substituting equations 1 and 2 into 3 and rearranging, s=BP=PD130,CP=32,PA=52 . By Law of Cosines on △APB, cos(∠APB)=65465 so sin(∠APB)=sin(∠BPC)=sin(∠CPD)=sin(∠DPA)=65765. Using [△ABC]=2absin(∠C) to find unknown areas, [ABCD]=[△APB]+[△BPC]+[△CPD]+[△DPA]=112.
-Solution by Garrett
Solution 7
Now we prove P is the midpoint of BD. Denote the height from B to AC as h1, height from D to AC as h2.According to the problem, AP∗h1+CP∗h2=CP∗h1+AP∗h2 implies h1(AP−CP)=h2(AP−CP),h1=h2. Then according to basic congruent triangles we get BP=DP Firstly, denote that CP=a,BP=b,CP=c,AP=d. Applying Stewart theorem, getting that 100c+196b=(b+c)(bc+a2);100b+260c=(b+c)(bc+c2);100c+196b=100b+260c,3b=5c, denote b=5x,c=3x Applying Stewart Theorem, getting 260a+100a=2a(a2+25x2);196a+100a=2a(9x2+a2) solve for a, getting a=130,AP=52;CP=32 Now everything is clear, we can find cos∠BPA=654 using LOC, sin∠BPA=65765, the whole area is 130∗82∗65765=112
~bluesoul
Solution 8 (Simple Geometry)
BP=PD as in another solutions.
Let D′ be the reflection of D across C. Let points E,E′, and H be the foot of perpendiculars on AC from D,D′, and B respectively.
⇒⇒⇒⇒AB=CD=CD′,andBH=DE=D′E′△ABH=△CDE=△CD′E′∠BAC=∠ACD′△ABC=△AD′CBC=AD′.
The area of quadrilateral ABCD is equal to the area of triangle ADD′ with sides AD′=14,AD=265,DD′=2⋅10=20. The semiperimeter is s=17+65, the area
Use your favorite method to get that P is the midpoint of one of the two diagonals (suppose it's the midpoint of AC). From here, let x=AP=PC,y=BP,z=PD,a=cosθ where θ is the angle that the diagonals make. Then we have a system of four equations:
x2+y2+2xyaz2+x2+2xzax2+y2−2xyax2+z2−2xza=100=100=196=260
From these equations we get that
xyaxzax2+y2−48x2+z2−80=−24=−40=10=10
From here we can see that yz=35,z2−y2=32, so z=52,y=32. Furthermore, this implies x=130 and xa=−42, which implies a=cosθ=654. Then note that the area of the quadrilateral is
Note that ∠APB=∠CPD=180−∠APD=180−∠BPC.(All angles are in degrees) Since sin(θ)=sin(180−θ), we can use sine area formula to get the following(after some simplifying steps):
BP×AP+CP×DP=BP×PC+AP×PD.
For convenience, let AP=a,BP=b,CP=c,DP=d. The above equation simplifies to:
ab+cd=bc+adab−ad+cd−bc=0a(b−d)−c(b−d)=0(a−c)(b−d)=0
From here, we see that a=c or b=d. Without loss of generality, let a=c. Since triangles ABP and CDP are obviously not congruent, we see that one triangle is obtuse and the other one is acute.(Refer to the diagram) However, if we drop perpendiculars from B to AC and D to AC, we do get congruent triangles. If the foot of the perpendicular from B is M, and the foot of the perpendicular from D is N, then right triangle BMP is congruent to right triangle DNP. From here, we see that the altitudes of triangles ABC and ADC to AC are equal. Since they share base AC, their areas are equal. We can use Heron's formula. To not have any fractions, let AC=2x.
(12+x)(12−x)(x+2)(x−2)=5+65+x)(5+65−x)(5−65+x)(65−5+x)
Even though this looks bad at first, it actually isn't too complicated to simplify. Expanding the differences of squares and simplifying completely, we get x2=32. Plugging this x back into the Heron's formula, we get that the area of ABC(or ADC) is 56. Since these triangles have equal area, the area of the quadrilateral is 2×56=112, and we are done. ■
~ewei12
Solution 11
Use any method to derive that P is the midpoint of A and C. Now, either construct a parallelogram with as shown in the diagram to the right, or use law of sines. We will take the parallelogram route here, but the same thing can be done with law of sines on triangles △ABP and △CPD. Reflect D across P to get D′. Since CD=AD′=AB=10, △ABD’ is isosceles. Thus, ∠AD′B=∠ABD′, and because ADCD′ is a parallelogram (since AP=PC and DP=PD′), ∠AD′B=∠BDC=∠ABD′. So, ∠ABD=180−∠ABD′=180−∠BDC. Now, apply law of cosines on △ABD and △CDB. We get: \begin{align} 100 + BD^2 - 20BD \cos{\angle ABD} &= 100 + BD^2 - 20 BD \cos {(180 - \angle BDC)} = \\ 100 + BD^2 + 20 BD \cos{\angle BDC} &= 260 \\ &\textnormal{and} \\ 100 + BD^2 - 20 BD \cos{\angle BDC} &= 196 \\ \textnormal{summing }&\textnormal{and simplifying,} \\ BD &= 8\sqrt{2} \end{align} Then, applying law of cosines on △BCD again, we obtain
100+196−280cos∠BCD=BD2=128⟹cos∠BCD=53⟹sin∠BCD=54
Since AP=PD, [ABD]=[BCD]⟹[ABCD]=[ABD]+[BCD]=2[BCD]. Thus, [ABCD]=2[BCD]=2⋅21⋅10⋅14sin∠BCD=140⋅54=112.
~CrazyVideoGamez
Solution 12(LoC Bash)
Let AP=a,CP=b,BP=c,DP=d. Also, let ∠APB=θ and the other angles will follow by Supplementary Angle Theorem and Vertical Angle Theorem.
21sin(θ)ac+21sin(θ)bd=21sin(180−θ)bc+21sin(180−θ)ad⟹ac+bd=bc+ad⟹c(a−b)=d(a−b)⟹Either a = b or c = d
We will assume a=b for this solution.
Now we subtract equations (1) and (2)
a2−b2+d2−c2+2cos(θ)(ad−bc)=64
We also subtract equations (3) and (4)
a2−b2+c2−d2+2cos(θ)(bd−ac)=0
We will add these equations to get
2a2−2b2+2cos(θ)((d−c)(a+b))=64
Then factoring an a−b out from each of the factors and dividing by 2
(a+b)(a−b+cos(θ)(d−c))=32(5)
Now we will subtract equations (1) and (3)
d2−c2+2cos(θ)(ac+ad)=160
We will also subtract equations (2) and (4)
c2−d2+2cos(θ)(bc+bd)=96
We subtract these equations to get
2d2−2c2+2cos(θ)(ad−bc−bd+ac)=64
Factoring we have
(d+c)(d−c+cos(θ)(a−b))=32(6)
Now remember that a=b. So we can plug that in for both equations (5) and (6)
(2a)((d−c)cos(θ))=32(d+c)(d−c)=32
We know d−c=acos(θ)16 from the first equation and d−c=d+c32. Setting them equal and solving for cos(θ) gives
cos(θ)=2ac+d
Now we will subtract equations (1) and (4)
a2−b2+2cos(θ)(ad+bd)=160
Factoring we have
(a+b)(a−b+2dcos(θ))=160
Substituting a=b we get
(a+b)(2dcos(θ)=160⟹cos(θ)=d(a+b)80
Now we will subtract equations (2) and (3)
b2−a2+2cos(θ)(bc+ac)=96
Factoring we get
(a+b)(b−a+2ccos(θ))=96
We can substitute a=b to get
(a+b)(2ccos(θ))=96⟹cos(θ)=c(a+b)48
Now setting these two representations of cosines equal, we have
d80=c48 after cancelling the a+b's.
Solving, we have d=35c.
Note that cos(θ)=2ac+d from earlier. Plugging in d=35c, we get
cos(θ)=3a4c
We have from equation 6
(d+c)(d−c+cos(θ)(a−b))=32
We can plug in a=b to get
d2−c2=32 following difference of squares.
Now d=35c so we can substitute that in to have
925c2−99c2=32⟹916c2=32⟹c2=18⟹c=32 because c has to be positive as it is a side length.
Now d=35c=35⋅32=52.
Now from the sine area formula, the area of the quadrilateral is just 21sin(θ)ac+21sin(θ)bd+21sin(180−θ)bc+21sin(180−θ)ad=21sin(θ)(ac+bd+bc+ad)=21sin(θ)(a+b)(c+d)=sin(θ)⋅a⋅(c+d) where the last steps follow from a=b. Now c+d=32+52=82. We need to find a and sin(θ).
We can go back to equation (3) to find a. We have
a2+c2−2accos(θ)=100
Plugging in c=32 and cos(θ)=3a4c=3a4⋅32=a42 we get
a2+18−62⋅a⋅a42=100⟹a2+18−48=100⟹a2=130
Now sin(θ)=1−a232 following the Pythagorean Identity. Now a2=130 so we have
sin(θ)=1−13032=13098=13072. Hence the answer is
13072⋅82⋅130=72⋅82=56⋅2=112.
~ilikemath247365
Solution 13(cheese)
The AD=265 condition motivates us to find right triangles with integer sides and 265 as the hypotenuse. Indeed, we have 22+162=265. Furthermore, notice that 10 is the hypotenuse of a 6−8−10 right triangle. It follows that quadrilateral ABCD is an 8×22 rectangle with triangles of sides 6−8−10, 2−16−265, and 6−8−10 cut out from three of its corners. Thus, the area of ABCD is (8)(22)−21((6)(8)+(2)(16)+(6)(8))=122.