AIME 2014 I · 第 4 题

Solution 1

For the purposes of this problem, we will use miles and minutes as our units; thus, the bikers travel at speeds of $\dfrac{1}{3}$ mi/min.

Let $d$ be the length of the trains, $r_1$ be the speed of train 1 (the faster train), and $r_2$ be the speed of train 2.

Consider the problem from the bikers' moving frame of reference. In order to pass Jon, the first train has to cover a distance equal to its own length, at a rate of $r_1 - \dfrac{1}{3}$. Similarly, the second train has to cover a distance equal to its own length, at a rate of $r_2 + \dfrac{1}{3}$. Since the times are equal and $d = rt$, we have that $\dfrac{d}{r_1 - \dfrac{1}{3}} = \dfrac{d}{r_2 + \dfrac{1}{3}}$. Solving for $r_1$ in terms of $r_2$, we get that $r_1 = r_2 + \dfrac{2}{3}$.

Now, let's examine the times it takes the trains to pass Steve. This time, we augment train 1's speed by $\dfrac{1}{3}$, and decrease train 2's speed by $\dfrac{1}{3}$. Thus, we have that $\dfrac{d}{r_2 - \dfrac{1}{3}} = 10\dfrac{d}{r_1 + \dfrac{1}{3}}$.

Multiplying this out and simplifying, we get that $r_1 = 10r_2 - \dfrac{11}{3}$. Since we now have 2 expressions for $r_1$ in terms of $r_2$, we can set them equal to each other:

$r_2 + \dfrac{2}{3} = 10r_2 - \dfrac{11}{3}$. Solving for $r_2$, we get that $r_2 = \dfrac{13}{27}$. Since we know that it took train 2 1 minute to pass Jon, we know that $1 = \dfrac{d}{r_2 + \dfrac{1}{3}}$. Plugging in $\dfrac{13}{27}$ for $r_2$ and solving for $d$, we get that $d = \dfrac{22}{27}$, and our answer is $27 + 22 = \boxed{049}$.

Solution 2

Using a similar approach to Solution 1, let the speed of the east bound train be $a$ and the speed of the west bound train be $b$.

So $a-20=b+20$ and $a+20=10(b-20)$.

From the first equation, $a=b+40$. Substituting into the second equation,

$$b+60=10b-200$$ $$260=9b$$ $$b=\frac{260}{9}\text{ mph}$$ This means that

$$a=\frac{260}{9}+40=\frac{620}{9}\text{ mph}$$ Checking, we get that the common difference in Jon's speed and trains' speeds is $\frac{440}{9}$ and the differences for Steve is $\frac{800}{9}$ and $\frac{80}{9}$.

This question assumes the trains' lengths in MILES:

$$\frac{440}{9}\cdot \frac{1}{60}=\frac{440}{540}=\frac{22}{27}\text{ miles}$$ Adding up, we get $22+27=\boxed{049}$.

Solution 3

Let the length of the trains be $L$, let the rate of the westward train be $W_{R}$, ;et the rate of the eastward train be $E_{R}$, and let the time it takes for the eastward train to pass Steve be $E_{T}$.

We have that

$L=(\frac{1}{60})(W_{R}+20)$

$L=(\frac{1}{60})(E_{R}-20)$.

Adding both of the equations together, we get that

$2L=\frac{W_{R}}{60}+\frac{E_{R}}{60}\implies 120L=W_{R}+E_{R}$.

Now, from the second part of the problem, we acquire that

$L=(E_{T})(E_{R}+20)$ $L=(10E_{T})(W_{R}-20)$

Dividing the second equation by the first, we get that... $1=\frac{10(W_{R}-20)}{E_{R}+20}\implies E_{R}+20=10W_{R}-200\implies E_{R}+220=10W_{R}\implies E_{R}=10W_{R}-220$.

Now, substituting into the $120L=W_{R}+E_{R}$.

$120L=W_{R}+(10W_{R}-220)\implies 120L= 11W_{R}-220\implies W_{R}=\frac{120L+220}{11}$.

Finally, plugging this back into our very first equation..

$L=(\frac{1}{60})((\frac{120L+220}{11})+20)\implies 660L=120L+440\implies 540L=440\implies L=\frac{22}{27}$.

Hence, the answer is $22+27=\boxed{049}$.