AIME 1989 · 第 13 题

Solution

We first show that we can choose at most 5 numbers from $\{1, 2, \ldots , 11\}$ such that no two numbers have a difference of $4$ or $7$. We take the smallest number to be $1$, which rules out $5,8$. Now we can take at most one from each of the pairs: $[2,9]$, $[3,7]$, $[4,11]$, $[6,10]$. Now, $1989 = 180\cdot 11 + 9$. Because this isn't an exact multiple of $11$, we need to consider some numbers separately.

Notice that $1969 = 180\cdot11 - 11 = 179\cdot11$ (*). Therefore we can put the last $1969$ numbers into groups of 11. Now let's examine $\{1, 2, \ldots , 20\}$. If we pick $1, 3, 4, 6, 9$ from the first $11$ numbers, then we're allowed to pick $11 + 1$, $11 + 3$, $11 + 4$, $11 + 6$, $11 + 9$. This means we get 10 members from the 20 numbers. Our answer is thus $179\cdot 5 + 10 = \boxed{905}$.

Remarks (*) Suppose that you choose the values 1, 2, 4, 7, and 10. Because $1989 = 180 \times 11 + 9$, this is not maximized. It is only maximized if we include the last element of the final set of 11, which is 10 (this is $\text{mod}(11)$ btw). To include the final element, we have to rewrite 1989 as $179 \times 11 + 20$, which includes the final element and increases our set by 1 element.

~Brackie 1331