AIME 1986 · 第 12 题

Solution 1

The sum of set $S$ is $15(16)/2 = 120$.

Let $A$ and $B$ be subsets of $S$.

Assume $A = B$. Then the greatest possible value of $A$ or $B$ is $120/2 = 60$.

We want $A \neq B$, so either $A = 61$ and $B = 59$ or $A = 59$ and $B=61$. We want the largest sum, so our answer is $\boxed{061}$.

~Pinotation

Solution 2

By using the greedy algorithm, we obtain $\boxed{061}$, with $S=\{ 15,14,13,11,8\}$. We must now prove that no such set has sum greater than 61. Suppose such a set $S$ existed. Then $S$ must have more than 4 elements, otherwise its sum would be at most $15+14+13+12=54$.

$S$ can't have more than 5 elements. To see why, note that at least $\dbinom{6}{0} + \dbinom{6}{1} + \dbinom{6}{2} + \dbinom{6}{3} + \dbinom{6}{4}=57$ of its subsets have at most four elements (the number of subsets with no elements plus the number of subsets with one element and so on), and each of them have sum at most 54. By the Pigeonhole Principle, two of these subsets would have the same sum. If those subsets were disjoint, we would directly arrive at a contradiction; if not, we could remove the common elements to get two disjoint subsets.

Thus, $S$ would have to have 5 elements. $S$ contains both 15 and 14 (otherwise its sum is at most $10+11+12+13+15=61$). It follows that $S$ cannot contain both $a$ and $a-1$ for any $a\leq 13$, or the subsets $\{a,14\}$ and $\{a-1,15\}$ would have the same sum. So now $S$ must contain 13 (otherwise its sum is at most $15+14+12+10+8=59$), and $S$ cannot contain 12, or the subsets $\{12,15\}$ and $\{13,14\}$ would have the same sum.

Now the only way $S$ could have sum at least $62=15+14+13+11+9$ would be if $S=\{ 15,14,13,11,9\}$. But the subsets $\{9,15\}$ and $\{11,13\}$ have the same sum, so this set does not work. Therefore no $S$ with sum greater than 61 is possible and 61 is indeed the maximum.

Video Solution

1986 AIME #12

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