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均匀点集间距 I

Spacious Uniform Values I

专题
Probability / 概率
难度
L6

题目详情

在区间 (0,1)(0,1) 上独立均匀抽取 101 个随机点。求任意两点之间的距离都严格大于 11000\frac{1}{1000} 的概率。

答案可写为最简形式 (ab)c\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^c。求 a+b+ca+b+c

You sample 101 uniformly random numbers in the interval (0,1)(0,1). Find the probability that no two of the values selected are within a distance of 11000\frac{1}{1000} of one another. The answer should be in the fully reduced form (ab)c\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^c. Find a+b+ca + b + c.

解析

设抽样点排序为 0<X(1)<<X(101)<10<X_{(1)}<\cdots<X_{(101)}<1

条件“任意两点距离都 >d>d”等价于相邻间距都 >d>d(令 d=1/1000d=1/1000):

X(i+1)X(i)>d,i=1,,100.X_{(i+1)}-X_{(i)}>d,\quad i=1,\dots,100.

做平移变换 Yi=X(i)(i1)dY_i=X_{(i)}-(i-1)d,则

0<Y1<<Y101<1100d.0<Y_1<\cdots<Y_{101}<1-100d.

该有序区域体积为 (1100d)101101!\frac{(1-100d)^{101}}{101!};而 101 个点无序抽样的密度对称,乘回 101!101! 得概率

(1100d)101.(1-100d)^{101}.

代入 d=1/1000d=1/1000

(910)101.\left(\frac{9}{10}\right)^{101}.

因此 a=9,b=10,c=101a=9,b=10,c=101a+b+c=120a+b+c=\boxed{120}