公平骰最优停止
Fair die with 1 roll or 2 rolls or up to 3 rolls
题目详情
你有一枚公平六面骰。
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掷一次的期望收益是多少?
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掷一次后可以选择“免费重掷一次”(只能一次):最优策略下期望收益是多少?
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若最多可掷 3 次(每次掷完都可选择停并拿当前点数;若到第 3 次则必须接受):最优策略下期望收益是多少?
英文原题
You have a fair 6-sided die.
- What is the EV of a single roll?
- If you can choose to re-roll once (for free), what is the new EV under optimal strategy?
- If you can roll up to 3 times, what is the EV under optimal strategy?
解析
- 单次期望:
- 可免费重掷一次:若第一次掷到 1、2、3 则重掷,否则停。
期望为
- 最多 3 次:第 3 次的期望为 3.5;因此第 2 次看到 4、5、6 应停,否则继续;从而第 2 次后的最优期望为 4.25。
第 1 次看到 5、6 应停,否则继续,最终期望为
英文解析
- Single Expectation:
- Free throw once: If you throw 1, 2, 3 for the first time, throw again, otherwise stop.
Expected to be
- Up to 3 times: the expectation for the 3rd time is 3.5; therefore the 2nd time to see 4, 5, 6 should be stopped, otherwise it will continue; thus the optimal expectation after the 2nd time is 4.25.
The first time you see 5, 6 should be stopped, otherwise continue, the final expectation is