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区间 0.5–0.55:至少命中一次所需样本数

0.5-0.55

专题
Probability / 概率
难度
L4

题目详情

How many independent random variables with uniform distribution on [0, 1] have to be generated in order to ensure with probability 95%95\% that at least one of them is between 0.5 and 0.55?

解析

X1,ldots,XnstackreliidsimU(0,1)X_1,\\ldots,X_n\\stackrel{iid}{\\sim}U(0,1)。命中区间 [0.5,0.55][0.5,0.55] 的概率为 0.050.05。\n\n命中至少一次的概率为 10.95n1-0.95^n,要求\n\n\n10.95nge0.95\nRightarrow0.95nle0.05\nRightarrowngefracln0.05ln0.95approx58.4.\n\n1-0.95^n\\ge 0.95\n\\Rightarrow 0.95^n\\le 0.05\n\\Rightarrow n\\ge \\frac{\\ln 0.05}{\\ln 0.95}\\approx 58.4.\n\n\n因此最小整数为\n\n\nboxedn=59.\n\n\\boxed{n=59}.\n