折断木棍成三段:能否成三角形
Given a stick
题目详情
You are given a stick of unit length.
(i) The stick drops and breaks at two places. What is the probability that the three pieces could form a triangle?
(ii) The stick drops and breaks at one place. Then the larger piece is taken and dropped again, breaking at one place. What is the probability that the three pieces could form a triangle?
解析
(i) 在单位长度上随机取两断点,相当于在三角形区域内均匀取 。能成三角形当且仅当三段都小于 。计算可得概率为
(ii) 先随机断一次,设较长段长度为 ,较短段为 。再把长段随机断成 与 。
成三角形仍等价于三段都小于 ,即
条件概率为区间长度 。
又 ()在 上密度为 2,所以总体概率
因此 (ii) 的概率为 。