长的。旅行

Long. Journey

专题: Brainteaser / 脑筋急转弯
难度: L6
来源: Jane Street

题目详情

解析

这是自“哦投篮！”以来我们最难的谜题，只有 3 个正确的提交。热烈祝贺那些成功解决该问题的人！

本月的难题中包含了一些提示：

标题“Long. Journey”（不是“Long Journey”）暗示了缩写。
“正数”中的“o”不是字母，而是一个度数符号。
左边的数字可能不被视为字面意思右边表达式的评估。（一方面，这似乎不太可能即使您允许更改基数，阶乘也等于 84514。）
变量名称不是 A、B、C、D、E、F，而是 U、N、E、S、C、O。（当您阅读前 6 个字母中的第一个字母时，按该顺序出现表达式。）
最微妙的是，左侧的某些数字都是“小”的——即十位数、千位数均为 5 或更小。

这就是这一切的含义：

– 六个字母中的每一个都指的是一个独特的联合国教科文组织世界遗产。每个该站点有一个联合国教科文组织指定的唯一识别号，称为“参考号” 号”。（例如，加拉帕戈斯群岛的参考号为 1，泰姬陵的参考号为 252。）

– 每个表达式左侧给出的数字是经度各种遗产地。事实证明，8°45'14" 是该地区的经度德国梅塞尔坑化石遗址，编号为#720。 720是阶乘！前 8 个表达式的完整站点/参考号为：

2936 –> 0°29'36”W（加纳阿克拉的堡垒和城堡；参考#34）

481729 –> 48°17’29”E（Sheikh Safi al-Din Khānegāh 和圣殿群，伊朗；#1345）

22130 –> 2°21’30”W（英国巴斯市；#428）

1281959 –> 西经 128°19’59”（英国亨德森岛；#487）

85450 –> 8°54'50”E（圣乔治山，意大利/瑞士；#1090）

363508 –> 36°35'08”E（库塞尔阿姆拉，约旦；#327）

200350 –> 20°3’50”E（维利奇卡和博赫尼亚皇家盐矿，波兰；#32）

84514 –> 8°45'14”E（梅塞尔坑化石遗址，德国；#720）

从这里可以解决得到以下问题：

U = 1102

N = 243

E = 27

S = 946

C=2

O = 545

最终表达式右侧的计算结果为 543，即乌兹别克斯坦 Itchan Kala 的参考号。它的经度（根据联合国教科文组织官方列出）是 60°21'50”E，因此这个谜题的答案是602150。

Original Explanation

This was our hardest puzzle since “Oh shoot!”, with only 3 correct submissions. Big congratulations to those who managed to solve it!

A few hints are baked into this month’s puzzle:

The title, “Long. Journey” (not “Long Journey”) suggests an abbreviation.
The “o” in “positive” is not a letter, but actually a degree sign.
The numbers on the left are probably not to be taken as the literal evaluations of the expressions on the right. (For one thing, it seems unlikely that a factorial equals 84514, even if you allow a change of base.)
The variable names are not A, B, C, D, E, F, but instead are U, N, E, S, C, O. (And appear in that order when you read the first letter in the top 6 expressions.)
Most subtly, certain digits in the lefthand side are all “small” — namely, the tens and thousands digits are all 5 or smaller.

So here’s what it all means:

– Each of the six letters refers to a unique UNESCO World Heritage Site. Each site has a unique UNESCO-assigned identifying number, called a “reference number”. (For example, the Galápagos Islands have reference number 1, and the Taj Mahal has reference number 252.)

– The numbers given on the left side of each expression are the longitudes of various heritage sites. It turns out that 8°45’14” is the longitude for the Messel Pit Fossil Site in Germany, which has reference #720. 720 is a factorial! The full set of sites / reference numbers for the first 8 expressions are:

2936 –> 0°29’36”W (Forts and Castles of Accra, Ghana; reference #34)

481729 –> 48°17’29”E (Sheikh Safi al-Din Khānegāh and Shrine Ensemble, Iran; #1345)

22130 –> 2°21’30”W (City of Bath, UK; #428)

1281959 –> 128°19’59”W (Henderson Island, UK; #487)

85450 –> 8°54’50”E (Monte San Giorgio, Italy/Switzerland; #1090)

363508 –> 36°35’08”E (Quseir Amra, Jordan; #327)

200350 –> 20°3’50”E (Wieliczka and Bochnia Royal Salt Mines, Poland; #32)

84514 –> 8°45’14”E (Messel Pit Fossil Site, Germany; #720)

From here one can solve to get the following:

U = 1102

N = 243

E = 27

S = 946

C = 2

O = 545

The right-hand side of the final expression evaluates to 543, which is the reference number for Itchan Kala in Uzbekistan. Its longitude (as per UNESCO’s official listing) is 60°21’50”E, hence the answer to this puzzle is 602150.